W. E. B. Du Bois

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William Edward Burghardt Du Bois ( doo-BOYSS; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, writer, historian, and Pan-Africanist civil rights activist. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community. He completed graduate work at Harvard University, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate. He was a professor at Atlanta University and over the course of his life wrote a large number of books and articles. He spent the last years of his life in Ghana and died in Accra on August 27, 1963. Du Bois rose to national prominence as a leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of black civil rights activists seeking equal rights. Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta Compromise. Instead, Du Bois insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation, which he believed would be brought about by the African-American intellectual elite. He referred to this group as the talented tenth, a concept under the umbrella of racial uplift, and believed that African Americans needed the chance for advanced education to develop their leadership. Du Bois was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Du Bois used his position in the NAACP to respond to racist incidents. He was a proponent of Pan-Africanism and helped organize several meetings of the Pan-African Congress to fight for the independence of African colonies from European powers. Du Bois made several trips to Europe, Africa and Asia. After the First World War, he attended the Pan-African Congresses, embraced socialism and became a professor at Atlanta University. Once the Second World War had ended, he engaged in peace activism and was targeted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Du Bois believed that capitalism was a primary cause of racism, and he was sympathetic to socialist causes. Du Bois was a prolific author. He primarily targeted racism in his writing, which protested strongly against lynching, Jim Crow laws, and racial discrimination in important social institutions. His cause included people of color everywhere, particularly Africans and Asians in colonies. His collection of essays, The Souls of Black Folk, is a seminal work in African-American literature; and his 1935 magnum opus, Black Reconstruction in America, challenged the prevailing orthodoxy that blacks were responsible for the failures of the Reconstruction era. Borrowing a phrase from Frederick Douglass, he popularized the use of the term color line to represent the injustice of the separate but equal doctrine prevalent in American social and political life. His 1940 autobiography Dusk of Dawn is regarded in part as one of the first scientific treatises in the field of American sociology. In his role as editor of the NAACP's journal The Crisis, he published many influential pieces.

Career

1. 1868
   Born
2. 1920
   Won Spingarn Medal
3. 1959
   Won Lenin Peace Prize
4. 1963
   Passed away
5. 2004
   Won National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame
6. Member of German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
7. Member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences
8. Member of Alpha Phi Alpha
9. Notable work: The Souls of Black Folk
10. Notable work: John Brown
11. Notable work: Black Reconstruction
12. Notable work: Dusk of Dawn
13. Notable work: The Philadelphia Negro

Trivia

• •Place of birth: Great Barrington
• •Citizenship: United States, Ghana
• •Known as: historian, novelist, philosopher, writer
• •Spouse: Nina Gomer Du Bois